Your Guide to Fort Stevens State Park in Astoria, Oregon
Fort Stevens holds a deep historical significance as a military installation. It was originally established in 1863 during the American Civil War as a defense post for the mouth of the Columbia River. Named after General Isaac Stevens, a prominent figure in the Indian Wars and the Civil War, the fort was built to protect Oregon’s coast from Confederate and foreign naval threats. The fort’s strategic importance grew after the Civil War, as tensions between the U.S. and foreign powers, such as the British and the Japanese, were ongoing. Throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Fort Stevens was expanded and fortified with new structures, including military batteries, barracks, and observation posts.
Fort Stevens saw its most significant military action during World War II. The fort was one of the primary coastal defense installations for the U.S. Army in the Pacific Northwest. Its batteries were ready to defend the Columbia River from enemy ships and aircraft. In 1942, Fort Stevens was actually fired upon by a Japanese submarine, the I-25, which became one of the few instances of enemy forces attacking the U.S. mainland during World War II. Fortunately, no damage was done, but the event marked the fort’s enduring importance during the war. After World War II, the fort was decommissioned, and its military functions ceased. In 1966, Fort Stevens became part of the Oregon State Parks system, where it was preserved as a historical site and recreational area. Today, the park preserves the remnants of the fort’s military past, including historic military structures and interpretive displays.
Things to do at Fort Stevens State Park
Fort Stevens State Park offers an impressive array of activities for visitors, with its combination of historical landmarks, scenic views, and outdoor recreation options. Whether you’re interested in exploring military history, hiking through lush forests, or enjoying the coastline, there’s something for everyone at this diverse park.
1. Fort Stevens Historic Site
The most popular attraction at the park is the Fort Stevens Historic Site, which includes several preserved and restored military structures. Visitors can tour the fort’s batteries, including Battery Russell, Battery Pratt, and Battery Clark. These batteries housed large coastal defense cannons that were once used to protect the Columbia River from potential enemy naval forces. Many of these batteries are still standing, and visitors can walk through the old military bunkers, view the coastal artillery, and learn about the fort’s role in U.S. military history.
The Battery Russell area includes a restored concrete artillery gun that once guarded the entrance to the Columbia River. The fort’s main museum, the Fort Stevens Museum, offers exhibits detailing the history of the fort, its role in the Civil War, and its significance during World War II.
2. Beach and Wildlife Viewing
The park is situated at the junction of the Columbia River and the Pacific Ocean, providing access to a pristine stretch of beach along the Oregon coastline. The beach at Fort Stevens is less crowded than many other beaches on the Oregon Coast, making it an ideal spot for beachcombing, picnicking, and watching stunning sunsets over the Pacific.
Fort Stevens is also known for its excellent wildlife viewing opportunities. The park is home to various species of birds, including migratory waterfowl, shorebirds, and raptors. It’s an ideal location for birdwatchers and nature photographers, particularly in the fall and spring months. In addition to birds, visitors may spot seals, sea lions, and other marine life along the coast.
3. Hiking and Biking Trails
For outdoor enthusiasts, Fort Stevens offers a variety of hiking and biking trails that wind through the park’s diverse ecosystems. These trails range from easy, family-friendly walks to more challenging routes through dense forests and along the beach. The Discovery Trail is a popular choice, as it connects several park features, including the historic site, the beach, and the wetlands.
Cyclists can enjoy over 10 miles of multi-use trails, many of which offer stunning views of the surrounding landscapes, from lush forests to the rugged coastline. The park’s trails provide a wonderful way to experience the area’s natural beauty while getting some exercise.
4. Fishing and Water Sports
With its location near the mouth of the Columbia River and the Pacific Ocean, Fort Stevens is a prime spot for fishing and water sports. Anglers can try their luck in the river, where salmon and sturgeon are abundant, or head to the beach for surf fishing. There are also opportunities for kayaking, stand-up paddleboarding, and kite surfing in the surrounding waters.
5. Camping and RV Sites
Fort Stevens State Park is a popular destination for campers, offering a wide range of camping options. The park features over 500 campsites, including tent sites, RV sites, and group camping areas. The campsites are set among the park’s dense forests and provide easy access to the park’s various attractions. For those who prefer more comfort, there are also yurts available for rent, which offer a more luxurious camping experience with amenities like electricity and heating.
6. Interpretive Programs and Events
The park also offers a variety of interpretive programs and events throughout the year, which provide a deeper understanding of the park’s history, wildlife, and natural features. These programs are often led by knowledgeable rangers and include guided hikes, historical tours, and educational talks. Additionally, during the summer months, the park hosts events like living history demonstrations, reenactments, and festivals that highlight the cultural heritage of the area.
Fort Stevens State Park is located just outside the city of Astoria, Oregon, at the northwest tip of the state. It’s easily accessible by car via U.S. Highway 101. For those traveling from Portland, the park is about a 2-hour drive, making it a great destination for a weekend getaway or day trip.
Fort Stevens State Park is a remarkable blend of history, nature, and outdoor adventure. Whether you’re interested in exploring the remnants of a historic military fort, hiking through scenic forests, or enjoying the tranquility of the Oregon Coast, Fort Stevens is one of the most unique state parks in Oregon and a must stop for anyone visiting the Astoria area.
